pdf), Text File (. In this essay, Brooks deals with the role of conceptual integrity in building systems and the impact organizationally of getting to an appropriate level of conceptual integrity. . Software architecture is about capturing decisions, not describing structure. Agile software development is an approach first codified in the Agile Manifesto in 2001. The design decisions describe the rules and constraints, which should be obeyed. Software Architecture In Practice 2nd Edition) • “La. management personnel. What concept is followed by Conceptual integrity? (a) Architecture should do different things in different ways (b) Architecture should do different things in similar ways (c) Architecture should do similar things in similar ways (d) None of the mentioned I got this question in an online quiz. Dive deep into the fascinating world of Architectural Patterns and Styles with our comprehensive set of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs). However, the lack of formalization for Conceptual Integrity posed serious obstacles for its systematic application in practice and deeper understanding of the ideas. Lean software development is a translation of lean manufacturing principles and practices to the software development domain. How Software Architecture is similar to regular Architecture design before build, satisfaction of customer's needs, specialization of labor, multiple perspectives, the architect How is a software architect similar to a regular architect The Conceptual Architecture Diagram is a lightweight and yet powerful tool for sketch-prototyping the system structure, and for rendering the structure of an existing system, to explore adaptations to it and as an aid to system understanding. By the end of this tutorial, the readers will develop a sound understanding of the concepts of software architecture and design concepts and will be in a position to choose and follow the right model for a given software project. Compromised conceptual"conceptual integrity" [2]. 3. In the Software Design and Architecture Specialization, you will learn how to apply design principles, patterns, and architectures to create reusable and flexible software. This vision should be separated from its implementation. e no - tions of concepts as abstract a ordances and of conceptual integrity are discussed, and a series of small examples of conceptual models is given. At the. Subscribe 7 648 views 3 years ago Software design and architecture Software Architecture Qualities ! Conceptual integrity, Buildability, Correctness and. Software Architecture is a powerful tool because. This paper evolves in this direction by analysis and clarification of open issues in architecture an d abstraction terms; second, by pointing out to a mathematical fo rmulation in algebraic terms. [1] to refer to a kind of consistency in system architecture that allows the system to become a cohe-sive, sensible whole. Home. ARCHITECTURE QUALITIES Conceptual integrity Correctness and completeness Buildability 14. 20 Architectural Style: Layered a. Larger teams will confuse the solution strategy c. This vision should be separated from its implementation. A software design pattern is a repeatable solution for a. architectural framework which defines how instances of those classes interact. Clear objectives help you to focus on your architecture and on solving the right problems in your design. Common Quality Attributes The following table lists the common quality attributes a software architecture must have – Category Quality Attribute Description Design Qualities Conceptual Integrity Defines the consistency and coherence of the overall design. When following the three-schema approach to database design, this step would follow the creation of a conceptual schema. and composition views have to be resolved in additional views, that link the composition and decomposition elements in order to preserve the conceptual integrity of the architecture [3]. Chapter 1. g. Welcome to the Architectural Patterns and Styles MCQs Page. Fred Brooks argues forcefully and eloquently that conceptual integrity is the key to sound system design and that conceptual integrity can only be had by a small number of minds coming together to design the system's architecture. HNA122, What Brooks’ idea of conceptual integrity does for the user? Select one: a. As a developer myself, I would like to simplify these concepts and explain the differences between software design and software architecture. Security architecture is a framework for determining how your company's security controls and countermeasures fit into the broader system structure. This characteristic is desirable for two reasons. 3 Conceptual Integrity of Software Architecture. The purpose of the software system is to deliver value to stakeholders ( Ring, 1998 ). The difficulty of maintaining conceptual integrity can be understood in relation to a tension involved in system development depicted in Figure 5. In the bullets below, I tried to sum up the different quality attributes together with some typical things to look for when you're conducting a review. Want to learn Software Architecture? Look no further – the recently released iSAQB Foundation Curriculum covers all your needs! A group of international software architecture experts has been working on optimizing and streamlining this systematic education path, resulting in the most systematic and practical curriculum ever. Beginning with the roles and responsibilities of network security leaders followed by a logical architecture, mapping the range of security requirements offers a strong foundation on which to build. A "super cool" idea by someone may not bearchitecture documentation George Fairbanks Risk-driven architecture Mary Shaw David Garlan Architecture as high-level abstractions Jansen & Bosch Tyree & Akerman Architecture as design decisions Poort & van Vliet Risk and cost driven architecture History of digital (software) architecture 5 1975 Fred Brooks Conceptual integrity. 1-Tier Architecture. Let’s continue investigating Software Architecture. Software Architecture. DBMS Architecture allows you to make changes on the presentation level without affecting the other two layers. Brooks also suggested that Conceptual Integrity can be attained by means of design principles, such astasks are all part of the job description for an architect. The architecture should do similar things in similar ways. Course rating: out of 5. Fred Brooks says that conceptual integrity is “the most important consideration in system design. b. Reasoning about the architecture and analyzing the architecture can provide the insights necessary to make decisions about anticipated changes. 4 – Conceptual Integrity 1. 4. 1. Software Architecture. From an enterprise warehouse to domain-based architecture. The components use the structure of data. Summary Close. Ralph Johnson famously defined software architecture as “the important stuff (whatever. 2. The concepts here help create a scalable, accessible, secure, and cost-friendly architecture. Cost (of improvement) The cost (in monetary units) of the improvement, remedy, tactic or strategy. . The Conceptual Integrity of The Corporation is a synthesis of Drucker’s Theory of the Business. Architecting is a skill that agile teams embody, which means that Architect should not be a role. Also known as POSA-1. The term “conceptual integrity” was popularized in Ref. The term “conceptual integrity” was popularized in Ref. Documenting software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, captures early decisions about the high-level. After the purpose and specifications of software is determined, software developers will design or employ designers to develop a plan for a solution. It has gain growing interest due to reusability of existing modules with less. Software architecture is all about trying to bring structure to areas that can’t be structured easily. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision of what it should do and how it should do it. When an architect designs a system, service, or feature, they are formulating a comprehensive solution to a unique problem. 100 Types of Technology Platform. An approach in evaluating software architecture is reasoning about the quality attributes a software architecture exhibits. 1. A software architect should have expertise in the following areas −. As part of a system's architecture, a cybersecurity framework is one of its components. Main motive of data management is to manage and safeguard the people’s and organization data in an optimal way so that they can easily create, access, delete,. 1 What Makes a Good Object Oriented Design?Software Architecture & Design Introduction . Maintainability Ability of the system to undergoThis is the software architecture level of design. The design phase of the software. Introduction. Software design provides a design plan that describes the elements of a system, how they fit, and work together to fulfill the requirement of the system. 2. Conceptual Integrity is the most important consideration for software system design, as stated by Frederick Brooks. or from a very small number of agreeing resonant minds b. However, Brooks' principles have not been formalized, posing obstacles to. In current prac. The Conceptual Architecture Diagram is a lightweight and yet powerful tool for sketch-prototyping the system structure, and for rendering the structure of an existing system, to explore adaptations to it and as an aid to system understanding. Precise objectives help. What is conceptual integrity in agile? Conceptual integrity is the property of a system to work on a consistent set of concepts, such as entities (user, groups, posts) or operations (transfer money to an account or. In addition, I will show you why it is important for a developer to know a little bit about software architecture and a lot of software design. Software design provides a design plan that describes the elements of a system, how they fit, and work together to fulfill the requirement of the system. In order to become one of them, you need both theoretical and practical exposure to. Select the one accurate statement about layered architecture: Upper layers act as service providers to lower layers. Conceptual Integrity Rawld Gill ALTOVISO LLC Introduction Today I am more convinced than ever. Logical Architecture: adds design precision, and, in particular, interface specifications. In this module you will learn about coupling and cohesion, separation of concerns, information hiding, and conceptual integrity. Software Architecture - It refers to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. So we will see. This v. A system is said to be secure if its. , 1995Neighbourhood cohesion is a concept describing the residents’ sense of community, engagement in acts of neighbouring, and attractiveness of living in the neighbourhood. Software architecture is a key discipline in software engineering as it performs a central role in many modern software development paradigms. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How can Software Architecture help in dividing work across multiple teams?, How can Software Architecture help managing the complexity of system development?, What are Drivers? and more. A quality attribute scenario has six parts, shown in the schematic: Source of Stimulus: the entity generating the stimulus. txt) or read online for free. Thus, the communication effort as well. ”. This would also help the architect with:. If the pattern is ignored or violated by some aspect of the system's implementation this is a violation of the architecture. Here a nice quote from Martin Fowler's book "Patterns of enterprise application architecture":Architecture is a term that lots of people try to. 1. 3. In software, Conceptual Integrity increases maintainability, while decreasing build effort. Menu and widgets. Software Architecture. The term “data lake” was coined by the Chief Technology Officer of Pentaho, James Dixon, to. To place the field of Software Architecture into. 6 – UML. This interesting question is from Architecture Qualities in. Responsibility: Architecture Responsibility: Delivery. Conceptual Integrity. 5. The Definition of Software ArchitectureSoftware architecture alludes to the overall diagramming structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity/correctness for a system. Key to the definition is that an architecture consists of a set of structures designed to let the architects, builders, and other stakeholders see how their concerns are satisfied. Good software architecture will yield a good return on investment with respect to the desired outcome of the project, e. This set of Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Architectural Qualities”. The quality of the product contributes to improved user requirements & satisfaction, clearer software design, and ultimately greater end product. In particular, it is difficult to draw a sharp line between design and architecture-architecture is one aspect of design that concentrates on some. For an evolving complex. Business Qualities Time-to-market Cost Projected lifetime Target market Rollout schedule Use of legacy systems Architectural Qualities Conceptual integrity Correctness Completeness Buildability Completed by available team in a timely manner Architectural Means of. Conceptual integrity: a term introduced by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month to denote the idea that the architecture of a software system represents an overall vision of what it should do and how it should do it. Fortunately, writing is the practice of crafting conceptual integrity. A similar kind of conceptual integrity is required for the result of data integration to be cohesive and sensible. Passthrough should be avoided at all costs. . Provides API to retrieve state and send notifications of state changes to “observer” View: gives user a presentation of the Model. The architecture is the structure of program modules where they interact with each other in a specialized way. Software architecture concerns with the. analyzing and verifying the conceptual integrity, consistency, and completeness of a design. Software Engineering Categories of Design Decisions Allocation of responsibilities –system functions to modules Coordination model –module interaction Data model –operations, properties, organization Resource management –use of shared resources Architecture element mapping –logical to physical entities; i. Technology, Leadership, Software Architecture. Answer: dConceptual Integrity has been claimed to be the essence of high-quality software system design. On the other hand, it has been a rather elusive attribute of sof tware systems, challenging various. The cost and schedule estimation process helps in determining number of resources to complete all project activities. docx from CSS 3141 at Iqra University, Karachi. January 8 - February 16, 2024. • “The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software elements, the externally visible properties of those elements, and the relationships among them. Fill in the blank. Informal conceptual analysis, with the central notion of conceptual integrity in the context of software , has been developed initially by Brooks in his book ³7KH 0\WKLFDO 0DQ -0RQWK´ %URRNV ,W appears again in (Brooks, 2010), where conceptual integrity is said to consist of three principles: orthogonality. What is Conceptual Integrity? In the field of software design, there is little agreement to be. In its broadest sense, architecture refers to a coherent form or structure, typically in. Software architecture - overall structure of the software components and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system Control hierarchy or program structure - represents the module organization and implies a control hierarchy, but does not represent the procedural aspects of the software (e. The conceptual architecture provides a framework for understanding the system and its development. A solution usually consists of multiple systems and describes a conceptual. The activity of designing is pervasive in software development. The original idea of conceptual integrity for software systems development was introduced by Brooks in his book “The Mythical Man-Month” []. Brooks asserted that conceptual integrity only comes from "one mind, or a very small number of resonating minds". We argue that an architecture should be assessed for conceptual integrity, and describe tool support for making such an assessment. Layered architecture is one of the most common architectural patterns. These security services and. Are applicable to ensuring that security requirements are addressed in subsequent phases of the ADM. The paper motivates the two software design phases, illustrating Conceptualization with examples, and characterizing Modularization by its more mature mathematical theory. It is imperative to think through software architecture for effective development methodically. Finally, a metric for evaluating the conceptual integrity from the refined graph is provided. Solution architectures help developers define the requirements and strategies needed to successfully implement a software solution. (This is the Answer)) Software architecture allows for organization of the program components and the structure of data used within the components. Monument Valley game. 3. Quality may be defined from different perspectives. Here, we provide a primer on the key concepts to understand for a modern network security architecture. However, having a clean internal structure is essential to. Software Quality Attributes. 0 (. The components are people, process and the tools. Two research questions have been developed. In The Mythical Man-Month [Brooks, 1974], Fred Brooks pointed out the importance of the conceptual integrity of a system. Conceptual Software Design: Algebraic Axioms for Conceptual IntegrityWhat is Software Architecture? It’s all about software design Architecture is software design, but not all design is software architecture part of the design process [Gorton] Architecture focuses on ‘issues that will be difficult/impossible to change once the system is built’ E. What concept is followed by Conceptual integrity? Architecture should do different things in different ways Architecture should do different things in similar ways Architecture should do similar things in similar ways None of the mentioned. | Find, read and cite all the research you. 3. A “software architecture” is the structure (or structures) of a system,. analysis specification Software Architecture design Coding unit testing Integration. There is a considerable. Cryptography. Solution architecture is a description of a specific solution that comprises business-related, informational, and technical points of view. CPSA-F trainings teach methods and principles for creating, designing, communicating, analyzing and evaluating software architectures. money, effort or such) of the issue, related to a frequency or period of time. ” SEI – Carnegie Mellon (Bass, Clements, Kazman. Perhaps you studied it at some point at college but your memory of it. " It is a notation specification which provides features for modeling a software system’s conceptual architecture, distinguished from the system’s implementation. Development of the business scenarios and subsequent high-level use-cases of the project concerned will bring to attention the people actors and system actors. Software architecture provides conceptual integrity in achieving the software system’s purpose and arises. The security of a computer system is a crucial task. This role is particularly important in the early stages of a software. 6. A similar kind of conceptual integrity is required for the result of data integration to be cohesive and sensible. In his famous book, The Mythical Man-Month, Frederick Brooks contends that conceptual integrity is the most significant consideration in system design. g. It makes software easier to use by making it simple to create and learn. I also repeatedly launched surveys on architecture among engineers and managers as part. Many minds or a very small number of no resonant minds. This role is particularly important in the early stages of a. Conceptual Integrity has been claimed to be the essence of high-quality software system design. This course takes Java beginners to the next level by covering object-oriented analysis and design. Characteristics Software architecture exhibits the following: Multitude of stakeholders: software systems have to cater to a variety of stakeholders such as business managers,. 5. Along the way, they. 1. Conceptual integrity: istilah yang diperkenalkan oleh Fred Brooks dalam The Mythical Man-Month untuk menunjukkan gagasan bahwa arsitektur sistem perangkat lunak mewakili visi keseluruhan tentang. Architecture is an Abstraction Focus on principal design decisions Structure – components and connections Behavior – responsibilities of each component, high level algorithms Interaction – rules governing how components communicate Quality attributes – strategy for achieving Implementation – language, platform, libraries, etc. IEEE 1471 –recommended practice for architecture description of software intensive system Software architecture is the collection of the fundamental decisions about a software product/solution designed to meet the project's quality attributes (i. It will also show conceptual integrity in the architecture, which, while not measurable, leads to smooth development. This report details the results of two workshops on software architecture evaluation, held at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) on November 9-10, 1995 and May 9- 10, 1996, to determine the state of industrial practice in the evaluation of software architectures with respect to a set of desired quality attributes and to uncover. Conceptual Integrity Definition: the integrity of the overall structure that is composed from a number of small architectural structures. In this module you will learn about coupling and cohesion, separation of concerns, information hiding, and conceptual integrity. 28. The conceptual integrity is one of the quality. 2. AngularJS is 100% JavaScript. Audience This tutorial is designed for all software professionals, architects, and senior system design engineers. , time to market, cost and benefit), architecture qualities (e. Software detailed design: describing each component sufficiently to allow for its construction. Because ease of use is the purpose, this ratio of function to conceptual complexity is the ultimate test of system design. Depending on the type of demand, these requirements can be functional or non-functional. There are attributes of Software Architecture that one could call either good or not so good. As such, architecture and design are central pillars of software engineering. What phase is that? - Phase A: Architecture Vision. Building Evolutionary Architectures by Neal Ford, Rebecca Parsons, Patrick Kua. ADLs must support the architecture components, their connections, interfaces, and configurations which are the building block of architecture description. g. User stories also need to be validated, therefore adding acceptance criteria in order to make sure the user story can indeed be moved to the "DONE" column in the Scrum. "Conceptual Integrity: Defines the consistency and coherence of the overall design. Using software evolution to focus architectural recovery. The purpose of the software system is to deliver value to stakeholders ( Ring, 1998 ). A software system’s architecture is the set of principal design decisions made about the system. • “Emerge” does not imply “without thinking”, Evolutionary architecture: eventual integrity. In software engineering, conceptual architecture is a high-level description of the intended structure of a software system. Product conceptual integrity means uncompromised adherence of the whole and entire system to the one and only software architectural concept and the implementation design, - in each and every programming unit, body of code, object, and component, as well as in process of creating architecture and producing the software product. After designing the conceptual model of the Database using ER diagram, we need to convert the conceptual model into a relational model which can be implemented using any RDBMS language like Oracle SQL, MySQL, etc. Software architecture allows for organization of the program components. Conceptual integrity is one of the key factor for successful architecture. We essentially agree with Brooks’ qualitative statement, and claim that its formalization in mathematical. Software is not the only field where design is involved. What is trulyClearly, software architecture and building architecture have many things in common, at least in. Software architecture is the fundamental structure of a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. From architectural patterns and design principles to code reviews and automation, I reveal the secrets to maintaining conceptual integrity in software development. 10 Design Concepts • Abstraction – Procedural abstraction – a sequence of instructions that have a specific and limited function – Data abstraction – a named collection of data that describes a data object • Architecture – The overall structure of the software and the ways in which the structure provides conceptual integrity for a. This includes the way components or modules are designed. We take conceptual integrity to be a judgment about the concepts embodied in a design. g. Audience This tutorial is designed for all software professionals, architects, and senior system design engineers. Course 1 of 4 in the Software Design and Architecture Specialization. The data architecture documentation includes three types of data model:. This is a good place to start in defining the role of the architect; basically, they are accountable for. Software architecture is a concept that is easy to understand, and that most engineers intuitively feel, especially with a little experience, but it is hard to precisely define. Future-proofing your software and your. Conceptual Integrity Outside Software Systems This paper refers to Architecture of buildings in general, following Brooks’ metaphors used in his books to illustrateCarriere [32] reconstructed given software systems’ architecture using conceptual integrity as a guideline. Information Sharing represents the main element. It provides an abstraction to manage the system complexity and establish a communication and coordination mechanism among components. Compromised conceptual design that defines the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for the system. e. --Fred Brooks, The Mythical Man-Month after 20 years This is a well-known and accepted cornerstone of software engineering. The architecture focuses on the early design decisions that impact on all software engineering work and it is the ultimate success of the system. At the highest level of ______________, a solution is stated in broad terms using the language of the problem environment. , behavior) and trace it to a problem in the software. The. when all the pieces come together, the whole is functional but the parts are also functional. This term denotes that the architecture of a software is a representation of its overall vision. 2 below. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Correctness Definition: accountability for satisfying all requirements of the system. Practice these MCQs to test and enhance your skills on Software. The platform architecture focuses on problems of setting up the platform. Conceptual integrity: this term is coined to show an overall vision of what software should do and how to do it. Gets data directly from the Model Controller: Takes user input and figures out what it means to the Model user input device display View Controller Model 5. Systems architecture is the art and science of structured decision making that cultivates conceptual integrity. Key ideas include early and constant customer involvement, self-organizing teams that embrace change, rapid delivery of value, short timeboxed. 1 Software Conceptual Analysis . But, what is conceptual integrity, how is it measured, and how is it achieved?Software Architecture Architecture serves as a blueprint for a system. Hard rules Suggestions Left open. Provides API to retrieve state and send notifications of state changes to “observer” View: gives user a presentation of the Model. Conceptual. The term software architecture also denotes the set of practices used to select, define or design a software architecture. Initial Chapters’ titles have. The style may be defined by a set of patterns, or by the choice of specific components or connectors as the basic. • integrity of the result (invariants of data structures and protection fromThe software architecture has meet three main aspects of architectural quality attributes conceptual integrity, correctness and completeness and buildability. Software architecture is the high level structure of a software system, the discipline of creating such a high level structure, and the documentation of this structure. The definition of technology platform with examples. Introduction. By the architecture of a system, I mean the complete and detailed specification of the user interface. These slides are designed to accompany Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 7/e (McGraw-Hill, 2009) Slides copyright 2009 by Roger Pressman. Since the grammar and the compiler's behavior are both specified in terms of the language's. Software design is a process of defining the architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or component and planning for a software solution. Software Architecture Multiple Choice Questions on “Architectural Qualities”. But more recently, he agreed that "Conceptual integrity is the vital property of a software product. . 0. Overview of AngularJS Architecture. Software architecture has a profound affect on most qualities in one way or another, and software quality attributes affect architecture. ” (Shaw & Garlan, 1995), and “A software. 1 Software Conceptual Analysis . Lean Software Development An Agile Toolkit Mary Poppendieck Tom Poppendieck Boston • San Francisco • New York • Toronto • Montreal London • Munich • Paris • MadridFred Brooks, author of software classic, The Mythical Man Month 3 (and architect of the IBM 360 operating system — one of the first successful large-scale software systems — was a big believer in conceptual integrity. Ralph Johnson famously defined software architecture as “the important stuff (whatever. "I will contend that conceptual integrity is the most important consideration in system design. Adan Omar. What is Conceptual Integrity?SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS which comprise the software elements, the relations between them, and the properties of both elements and relations. The conceptual integrity of software is a measure of how well it conforms to a single, simple set of design principles, according to The Mythical Man Month by Fred Brooks. , conceptual integrity, buildability), system constraints: Organizational factors (see above) are usually context, not concerns. Architectural Quality Attributes: Conceptual Integrity is the underlying vision or theme unifying the components and their interactions. Requirement elicitation catering the perspective of software architecture is quite challenging and relatively less explored research area for the rapid software development. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Security Architecture defines a systematic approach to providing security at each layer. of concerns, conceptual integrity, architecture patterns, and appropriate third-party components. the software architecture using five concurrent views (4+1) model. in terms of performance, quality, schedule and cost. The concepts, notions, and terminology introduced here form an underlying basis for understanding the role and scope of software design. Many data-architecture leaders have pivoted from a central enterprise data lake toward “domain-driven” designs that can be. Software Architecture describes system components and their connections. 5. E. What is meant by functionality and architecture? (M AY/JUNE 2016) Functionality: It is the ability of the system to do the work for which it was intended. All these components combine helps to protect the organization assets. Conceptual integrity is the principle that anywhere you look in your system, you can tell that the. Software architecture is the process of determining programs and how to create the programs. g. This publication also provides an abstract logical architecture that can be used to map solutions and gaps upon. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. (The source of this definition was a weekly discussion group devoted to software architecture at the Software Engineering Institute. pdf), Text File (. • Abstraction - allows designers to focus on solving a problem without being concerned about irrelevant lower level details • Software Architecture - overall structure of the software components and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system o Structural models - architecture as organized collection of components o Framework models - attempt to identify. Definition The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system,. In the study, we explain the multi-view software architecture design step by step starting with identifying the system context, requirements, constraints, and quality expectations. It is the underlying theme or vision that unifies all levels of the system's. 1. The. QUALITY ATTRIBUTES SCENARIOS: •A quality attribute scenario is a quality-attribute-specific requirement that are requried to design a good Software Architecture. and computer/software architectural principles—doing right things,. Prior to a training course, an overview of the. Software architecture that’s more maintainable and scalable, making it easier to test and add features in the future. Could be an actor, an actuator, a sensor. Generally, Junos OS is preinstalled on your Juniper Networks device when you receive it from the factory.